Hall sensors are the third ranked sensor products globally, widely used in industries such as industry, automotive, computers, mobile phones, and emerging consumer electronics.

In the coming years, as more and more automotive electronics and industrial design companies move to China, the annual sales of Hall sensors in the Chinese market will maintain a high-speed growth rate of 20% to 30%. At the same time, the related technology of Hall sensors is still constantly improving, and it is programmablehall sensor Intelligent Hall sensors and miniature Hall sensors will have better market prospects.

1、 What is the Hall effect?

The Hall effect is a type of magneto electric effect, which was discovered by A.H. Hall (1855-1938) in 1879 while studying the conductive mechanism of metals.

Later, it was discovered that semiconductors, conductive fluids, and other materials also have this effect, and the Hall effect of semiconductors is much stronger than that of metals. When current passes through a conductor perpendicular to the external magnetic field, carriers are deflected, and an additional electric field is generated perpendicular to the direction of the current and magnetic field, resulting in a potential difference at both ends of the conductor. This phenomenon is called the Hall effect, also known as the Hall potential difference. The Hall effect should be judged using the left-hand rule.

In equation (1), if the control current Ic is kept constant, under certain conditions, the magnitude of magnetic induction can be calculated by measuring the Hall voltage, thus establishing the relationship between magnetic field and voltage signal. Based on this relationship, semiconductor devices for measuring magnetic field, namely Hall elements, have been developed.

The essence of the Hall effect is that when charge carriers in solid materials move in an external magnetic field, their trajectories are shifted due to the Lorentz force, and charge accumulation occurs on both sides of the material, forming an electric field perpendicular to the direction of the current. Ultimately, the Lorentz force and electric field repulsion on the charge carriers are balanced, thereby establishing a stable potential difference or Hall voltage on both sides.

The ratio of the product of the orthogonal electric field and current intensity with the magnetic field intensity is the Hall coefficient. The ratio of parallel electric field to current intensity is the resistivity. Numerous studies have revealed that not only negatively charged electrons but also positively charged holes participate in the process of material conductivity.

（Open loop perforation Hall current sensor-D3）

2、 What is a Hall sensor?

Hall sensor is a magnetic field sensor made based on the Hall effect, widely used in industrial automation technology, detection technology, and information processing.

The Hall coefficient measured through Hall effect experiments can determine important parameters such as the conductivity type, carrier concentration, and carrier mobility of semiconductor materials.

Due to the small potential difference generated by Hall elements, Hall elements are usually integrated with amplifier circuits, temperature compensation circuits, and voltage regulation power supply circuits on a single chip, known as Hall sensors. Hall sensors, also known as Hall integrated circuits, have a smaller appearance.

Finally, if you want to know the purpose of Hall sensors, you can click on:What is the purpose of the Hall sensor in the car